How much do we know about women’s hormones and especially menopause with respect to brain health?

What we do know is that menopause is this critical time with a transition in metabolism in the way we use fuel that might remodel the brain and ultimately cause degeneration. We also know that women who have had surgical menopause (removal of ovaries or reached natural menopause at a much earlier age) are at increased risks for dementia. But when those women take estrogen therapy until around the age of 50 (average age for menopause), that risk is negated.